What is discrimination? (direct, indirect & reasonable adjustments)
Direct discrimination
Treating someone unfavourably because of a protected attribute. Example: not promoting an employee because she is a woman.
Indirect discrimination
Imposing a requirement, rule or policy that applies to everyone but unreasonably disadvantages people with a protected attribute. Example: requiring all employees to be more than six feet tall.
Failure to make reasonable adjustments
Some laws require employers to make reasonable accommodations for protected attributes (e.g., disability, pregnancy/caring). A failure to do so can amount to discrimination.
Causation link
You generally must show a link between the protected attribute and the unfavourable treatment. The attribute need not be the only reason, but it must be one reason.